Slices in CLIPS

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class ArrayLists {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Unlike arrays, ArrayLists are dynamically sized.
        // An uninitialized ArrayList is empty but not null.
        ArrayList<String> s = new ArrayList<>();
        System.out.println("uninit: " + s + ", " + s.isEmpty() + ", " + (s.size() == 0));

        // To create an empty ArrayList with non-zero capacity, we can use
        // the ArrayList constructor with an initial capacity.
        s = new ArrayList<>(3);
        System.out.println("emp: " + s + ", len: " + s.size() + ", cap: " + 3);

        // We can add elements to an ArrayList.
        s.add("a");
        s.add("b");
        s.add("c");
        System.out.println("set: " + s);
        System.out.println("get: " + s.get(2));

        // size() returns the length of the ArrayList as expected.
        System.out.println("len: " + s.size());

        // We can add more elements to the ArrayList.
        s.add("d");
        s.addAll(Arrays.asList("e", "f"));
        System.out.println("apd: " + s);

        // We can create a copy of an ArrayList.
        ArrayList<String> c = new ArrayList<>(s);
        System.out.println("cpy: " + c);

        // We can get a sublist of an ArrayList.
        List<String> l = s.subList(2, 5);
        System.out.println("sl1: " + l);

        l = s.subList(0, 5);
        System.out.println("sl2: " + l);

        l = s.subList(2, s.size());
        System.out.println("sl3: " + l);

        // We can declare and initialize an ArrayList in a single line.
        ArrayList<String> t = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("g", "h", "i"));
        System.out.println("dcl: " + t);

        // Java's Arrays class contains utility methods for arrays,
        // and we can convert ArrayLists to arrays to use these methods.
        ArrayList<String> t2 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("g", "h", "i"));
        if (Arrays.equals(t.toArray(), t2.toArray())) {
            System.out.println("t == t2");
        }

        // ArrayLists can be used to create multi-dimensional structures.
        ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> twoD = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            twoD.add(new ArrayList<>());
            for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
                twoD.get(i).add(i + j);
            }
        }
        System.out.println("2d: " + twoD);
    }
}

This Java code demonstrates the use of ArrayList, which is similar to Go’s slices in many ways. Here are some key points:

Java’s ArrayList is a dynamic array implementation, similar to Go’s slices.
We use ArrayList<String> to declare an ArrayList of strings, specifying the type in angle brackets.
The add() method is used to append elements to an ArrayList.
size() returns the current number of elements in the ArrayList.
We can use subList() to get a view of a portion of the ArrayList, similar to slice operations in Go.
Java doesn’t have a built-in slice type, so we use ArrayList for similar functionality.
Multi-dimensional structures can be created using nested ArrayLists.

When you run this program, you’ll see output similar to the Go version, demonstrating the various operations on ArrayLists.

Note that while ArrayLists in Java provide similar functionality to slices in Go, there are some differences in performance characteristics and underlying implementation. Java’s ArrayList is a class from the Collections framework, while Go’s slices are a built-in type.

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