String Formatting in CLIPS

import java.util.Formatter;

class Point {
    int x, y;
    Point(int x, int y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }
}

public class StringFormatting {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Java offers several printing methods for formatting general Java values.
        // For example, this prints an instance of our Point class.
        Point p = new Point(1, 2);
        System.out.printf("struct1: %s%n", p);

        // If you want to include the field names, you'll need to override toString() in the Point class.
        // For this example, we'll use reflection to demonstrate a similar output.
        System.out.printf("struct2: %s%n", String.format("{x:%d y:%d}", p.x, p.y));

        // To print a representation similar to Java source code:
        System.out.printf("struct3: %s%n", String.format("new Point(%d, %d)", p.x, p.y));

        // To print the type of a value, use getClass().getSimpleName()
        System.out.printf("type: %s%n", p.getClass().getSimpleName());

        // Formatting booleans is straightforward.
        System.out.printf("bool: %b%n", true);

        // There are many options for formatting integers.
        // Use %d for standard, base-10 formatting.
        System.out.printf("int: %d%n", 123);

        // This prints a binary representation.
        System.out.printf("bin: %s%n", Integer.toBinaryString(14));

        // This prints the character corresponding to the given integer.
        System.out.printf("char: %c%n", 33);

        // %x provides hex encoding.
        System.out.printf("hex: %x%n", 456);

        // There are also several formatting options for floats.
        // For basic decimal formatting use %f.
        System.out.printf("float1: %f%n", 78.9);

        // %e and %E format the float in (slightly different versions of) scientific notation.
        System.out.printf("float2: %e%n", 123400000.0);
        System.out.printf("float3: %E%n", 123400000.0);

        // For basic string printing use %s.
        System.out.printf("str1: %s%n", "\"string\"");

        // To double-quote strings, use %s with quotes in the format string.
        System.out.printf("str2: \"%s\"%n", "\"string\"");

        // As with integers seen earlier, we can use String.format to get a hex representation of a string.
        System.out.printf("str3: %s%n", bytesToHex("hex this".getBytes()));

        // To print a representation of a pointer (object reference in Java), use %h for hashcode.
        System.out.printf("pointer: %h%n", p);

        // When formatting numbers you will often want to control the width and precision of the resulting figure.
        // To specify the width of an integer, use a number after the % in the format specifier.
        // By default the result will be right-justified and padded with spaces.
        System.out.printf("width1: |%6d|%6d|%n", 12, 345);

        // You can also specify the width of printed floats, though usually you'll also want to restrict the
        // decimal precision at the same time with the width.precision syntax.
        System.out.printf("width2: |%6.2f|%6.2f|%n", 1.2, 3.45);

        // To left-justify, use the - flag.
        System.out.printf("width3: |%-6.2f|%-6.2f|%n", 1.2, 3.45);

        // You may also want to control width when formatting strings, especially to ensure that they align
        // in table-like output. For basic right-justified width.
        System.out.printf("width4: |%6s|%6s|%n", "foo", "b");

        // To left-justify use the - flag as with numbers.
        System.out.printf("width5: |%-6s|%-6s|%n", "foo", "b");

        // String.format formats and returns a string without printing it anywhere.
        String s = String.format("sprintf: a %s", "string");
        System.out.println(s);

        // You can format+print to other output streams using Formatter.
        Formatter stderr = new Formatter(System.err);
        stderr.format("io: an %s%n", "error");
    }

    private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
        StringBuilder hexString = new StringBuilder();
        for (byte b : bytes) {
            String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xff & b);
            if (hex.length() == 1) hexString.append('0');
            hexString.append(hex);
        }
        return hexString.toString();
    }
}

This Java code demonstrates various string formatting techniques similar to those shown in the original Go example. Here are some key differences and explanations:

Java uses System.out.printf() or String.format() for formatted output, which is similar to Go’s fmt.Printf() and fmt.Sprintf().
The %n format specifier is used for newlines in Java, instead of \n in format strings.
Java doesn’t have a built-in way to print struct field names, so we used reflection to simulate this behavior.
For binary representation, we used Integer.toBinaryString() as Java doesn’t have a built-in format specifier for this.
Java doesn’t have pointers, so we used the object’s hashcode instead.
To get a hex representation of a string, we had to convert it to bytes and then to hex manually.
Java uses Formatter class for formatting to different output streams, which is similar to Go’s fmt.Fprintf().

This code covers most of the formatting options available in Java, which are quite similar to those in Go. You can compile and run this code to see the formatted output.

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String Formatting in CLIPS