(ns string-formatting
  (:require [clojure.pprint :as pp]))

(defrecord Point [x y])

(defn main []
  ;; Clojure offers several printing functions designed to
  ;; format general Clojure values. For example, this prints
  ;; an instance of our Point record.
  (let [p (->Point 1 2)]
    (println "record1:" p)

    ;; The `pprint` function provides more detailed output,
    ;; including the record's field names.
    (println "record2:")
    (pp/pprint p)

    ;; To print the type of a value, use `type`.
    (println "type:" (type p))

    ;; Formatting booleans is straightforward.
    (println "bool:" true)

    ;; There are many options for formatting integers.
    ;; Use `str` for standard formatting.
    (println "int:" (str 123))

    ;; This prints a binary representation.
    (println "bin:" (Integer/toBinaryString 14))

    ;; This prints the character corresponding to the given integer.
    (println "char:" (char 33))

    ;; Use `format` with "%x" for hex encoding.
    (println "hex:" (format "%x" 456))

    ;; There are also several formatting options for floats.
    ;; For basic decimal formatting use `str`.
    (println "float1:" (str 78.9))

    ;; Use `format` with "%e" and "%E" for scientific notation.
    (println "float2:" (format "%e" 123400000.0))
    (println "float3:" (format "%E" 123400000.0))

    ;; For basic string printing, just use the string directly.
    (println "str1:" "\"string\"")

    ;; To print a representation of a pointer (which doesn't exist in Clojure),
    ;; we can print the hash code of the object instead.
    (println "hash:" (hash p))

    ;; When formatting numbers you will often want to control the width
    ;; and precision of the resulting figure. Use `format` for this.
    (println "width1:" (format "|%6d|%6d|" 12 345))

    ;; You can also specify the width of printed floats.
    (println "width2:" (format "|%6.2f|%6.2f|" 1.2 3.45))

    ;; To left-justify, use the "-" flag.
    (println "width3:" (format "|%-6.2f|%-6.2f|" 1.2 3.45))

    ;; You may also want to control width when formatting strings.
    (println "width4:" (format "|%6s|%6s|" "foo" "b"))

    ;; To left-justify use the "-" flag as with numbers.
    (println "width5:" (format "|%-6s|%-6s|" "foo" "b"))

    ;; `format` in Clojure works similarly to `sprintf` in other languages.
    (let [s (format "format: a %s" "string")]
      (println s))

    ;; You can format and print to other output streams using
    ;; `binding` with `*out*`.
    (binding [*out* *err*]
      (println "io: an error"))))

(main)