import std.stdio;
import std.xml;

// Plant will be mapped to XML. Field attributes contain directives for the
// encoder and decoder. Here we use some special features
// of the std.xml package: the `xmlName` attribute dictates
// the name of the XML element representing this struct;
// `attr` means that the `id` field is an XML
// *attribute* rather than a nested element.
struct Plant {
    @xmlName("plant")
    string elementName;
    
    @attr
    int id;
    
    string name;
    string[] origin;
    
    string toString() const {
        import std.format : format;
        return format("Plant id=%d, name=%s, origin=%s", id, name, origin);
    }
}

void main() {
    auto coffee = Plant(null, 27, "Coffee", ["Ethiopia", "Brazil"]);

    // Emit XML representing our plant; using
    // `PrettyPrintXML` to produce a more
    // human-readable output.
    auto xml = coffee.toXML();
    writeln(xml.toPrettyString());

    // To add a generic XML header to the output, prepend
    // it explicitly.
    writeln("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n", xml.toPrettyString());

    // Use `parseXML` to parse a stream of characters with XML
    // into a data structure. If the XML is malformed or
    // cannot be mapped onto Plant, an exception
    // will be thrown.
    auto p = xml.parseXML!Plant;
    writeln(p);

    auto tomato = Plant(null, 81, "Tomato", ["Mexico", "California"]);

    // The `parent>child>plant` field attribute tells the encoder
    // to nest all `plant`s under `<parent><child>...`
    struct Nesting {
        @xmlName("nesting")
        string elementName;
        
        @xmlElementList("parent", "child", "plant")
        Plant[] plants;
    }

    auto nesting = Nesting(null, [coffee, tomato]);

    xml = nesting.toXML();
    writeln(xml.toPrettyString());
}