Learn X By Example
Learn X By Example

    Go by Example: Structs

    Go by Example : Structs

    Go’s structs are typed collections of fields. They’re useful for grouping data together to form records.

    package main
    import "fmt"

    This person struct type has name and age fields.

    type person struct {
    name string
    age  int
}

    newPerson constructs a new person struct with the given name.

    func newPerson(name string) *person {

    Go is a garbage collected language; you can safely return a pointer to a local variable - it will only be cleaned up by the garbage collector when there are no active references to it.

        p := person{name: name}
    p.age = 42
    return &p
}
    func main() {

    This syntax creates a new struct.

        fmt.Println(person{"Bob", 20})

    You can name the fields when initializing a struct.

        fmt.Println(person{name: "Alice", age: 30})

    Omitted fields will be zero-valued.

        fmt.Println(person{name: "Fred"})

    An & prefix yields a pointer to the struct.

        fmt.Println(&person{name: "Ann", age: 40})

    It’s idiomatic to encapsulate new struct creation in constructor functions

        fmt.Println(newPerson("Jon"))

    Access struct fields with a dot.

        s := person{name: "Sean", age: 50}
    fmt.Println(s.name)

    You can also use dots with struct pointers - the pointers are automatically dereferenced.

        sp := &s
    fmt.Println(sp.age)

    Structs are mutable.

        sp.age = 51
    fmt.Println(sp.age)

    If a struct type is only used for a single value, we don’t have to give it a name. The value can have an anonymous struct type. This technique is commonly used for table-driven tests .

        dog := struct {
        name   string
        isGood bool
    }{
        "Rex",
        true,
    }
    fmt.Println(dog)
}
    $ go run structs.go
{Bob 20}
{Alice 30}
{Fred 0}
&{Ann 40}
&{Jon 42}
Sean
50
51
{Rex true}

    Next example: Methods .

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