public class ArrayExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Here we create an array `a` that will hold exactly 5 `int`s.
        // The type of elements and length are both part of the array’s type.
        int[] a = new int[5];
        System.out.println("emp: " + Arrays.toString(a));

        // We can set a value at an index using the `array[index] = value` syntax,
        // and get a value with `array[index]`.
        a[4] = 100;
        System.out.println("set: " + Arrays.toString(a));
        System.out.println("get: " + a[4]);

        // The `.length` attribute returns the length of an array.
        System.out.println("len: " + a.length);

        // Use this syntax to declare and initialize an array in one line.
        int[] b = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        System.out.println("dcl: " + Arrays.toString(b));

        // You can also have the compiler count the number of elements for you with `new int[]`.
        b = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        System.out.println("dcl: " + Arrays.toString(b));

        // If you specify the index with `:`, the elements in between will be zeroed.
        b = new int[]{100, 0, 0, 400, 500};
        System.out.println("idx: " + Arrays.toString(b));

        // Array types are one-dimensional, but you can compose types to build multi-dimensional data structures.
        int[][] twoD = new int[2][3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                twoD[i][j] = i + j;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("2d: " + Arrays.deepToString(twoD));

        // You can create and initialize multi-dimensional arrays at once too.
        twoD = new int[][]{
            {1, 2, 3},
            {1, 2, 3}
        };
        System.out.println("2d: " + Arrays.deepToString(twoD));
    }
}