In JavaScript, error handling is typically done using exceptions, which is different from the approach used in some other languages. However, we can still implement a similar pattern of returning errors explicitly. Here's how we might structure error handling in JavaScript:

```javascript
// We can create custom error types by extending the Error class
class CustomError extends Error {
  constructor(message) {
    super(message);
    this.name = 'CustomError';
  }
}

// This function demonstrates returning an error explicitly
function f(arg) {
  if (arg === 42) {
    // Instead of using errors.New, we create a new Error object
    return [-1, new Error("can't work with 42")];
  }
  // Return null in place of nil to indicate no error
  return [arg + 3, null];
}

// We can create "sentinel" errors as constant Error objects
const ErrOutOfTea = new Error("no more tea available");
const ErrPower = new Error("can't boil water");

// This function demonstrates using and wrapping errors
function makeTea(arg) {
  if (arg === 2) {
    return ErrOutOfTea;
  } else if (arg === 4) {
    // We can "wrap" errors by creating a new error with the original as a property
    const wrappedError = new Error("making tea");
    wrappedError.cause = ErrPower;
    return wrappedError;
  }
  return null;
}

function main() {
  [7, 42].forEach(i => {
    // We use array destructuring to get the result and error
    const [r, e] = f(i);
    if (e !== null) {
      console.log("f failed:", e.message);
    } else {
      console.log("f worked:", r);
    }
  });

  for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    const err = makeTea(i);
    if (err !== null) {
      // In JavaScript, we can check the error type using instanceof
      if (err === ErrOutOfTea) {
        console.log("We should buy new tea!");
      } else if (err.cause === ErrPower) {
        console.log("Now it is dark.");
      } else {
        console.log("unknown error:", err.message);
      }
      continue;
    }
    console.log("Tea is ready!");
  }
}

main();