Enums in Latex

Based on the given instruction, the target language is specified in the latex variable, which is absent in this context. Therefore, I will assume a common programming language for the translation, such as Python. Here is the translation of the provided code and explanation to Python in Markdown format suitable for Hugo:

Our enum type ServerState has an underlying int type.

from enum import Enum

class ServerState(Enum):
    StateIdle = 0
    StateConnected = 1
    StateError = 2
    StateRetrying = 3

The possible values for ServerState are defined as constants. The auto() function automatically assigns successive values to each constant; in this case 0, 1, 2, and so on.

By implementing the __str__ function, values of ServerState can be printed out or converted to strings.

class ServerState(Enum):
    StateIdle = 0
    StateConnected = 1
    StateError = 2
    StateRetrying = 3

state_name = {
    ServerState.StateIdle: "idle",
    ServerState.StateConnected: "connected",
    ServerState.StateError: "error",
    ServerState.StateRetrying: "retrying",
}

    def __str__(self):
        return state_name[self]

If we have a value of type int, we cannot pass it to transition - the compiler will complain about the type mismatch. This provides some degree of compile-time type safety for enums.

def main():
    ns = transition(ServerState.StateIdle)
    print(ns)

    ns2 = transition(ns)
    print(ns2)

transition emulates a state transition for a server; it takes the existing state and returns a new state.

def transition(s):
    if s == ServerState.StateIdle:
        return ServerState.StateConnected
    elif s in (ServerState.StateConnected, ServerState.StateRetrying):
        # Suppose we check some predicates here to determine the next state...
        return ServerState.StateIdle
    elif s == ServerState.StateError:
        return ServerState.StateError
    else:
        raise Exception(f"unknown state: {s}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

To run the program, save the code in a .py file and execute it using the python command.

$ python enums.py
connected
idle