import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.*;

public class WritingFiles {
    private static void check(Exception e) {
        if (e != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // To start, here's how to dump a string (or just bytes) into a file.
        String content = "hello\njava\n";
        try {
            Files.write(Paths.get("/tmp/dat1"), content.getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            check(e);
        }

        // For more granular writes, open a file for writing.
        try (FileWriter f = new FileWriter("/tmp/dat2")) {
            // It's idiomatic to use try-with-resources in Java, which automatically closes the file.

            // You can write byte arrays as you'd expect.
            byte[] d2 = {115, 111, 109, 101, 10};
            f.write(new String(d2));
            System.out.printf("wrote %d bytes\n", d2.length);

            // A write method for strings is also available.
            int n3 = f.write("writes\n");
            System.out.printf("wrote %d bytes\n", n3);

            // Flush writes to ensure they're written to the underlying writer.
            f.flush();

            // BufferedWriter provides buffered writers in addition to the buffered readers we saw earlier.
            BufferedWriter w = new BufferedWriter(f);
            int n4 = w.write("buffered\n");
            System.out.printf("wrote %d bytes\n", n4);

            // Use flush to ensure all buffered operations have been applied to the underlying writer.
            w.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            check(e);
        }
    }
}