import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import java.util.*;

public class JsonExample {

    // We'll use these two classes to demonstrate encoding and
    // decoding of custom types below.
    static class Response1 {
        public int page;
        public List<String> fruits;
    }

    // Fields must be public or have getter/setter methods to be serialized/deserialized
    static class Response2 {
        @JsonProperty("page")
        public int page;

        @JsonProperty("fruits")
        public List<String> fruits;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

        // First we'll look at encoding basic data types to
        // JSON strings. Here are some examples for atomic values.
        System.out.println(mapper.writeValueAsString(true));
        System.out.println(mapper.writeValueAsString(1));
        System.out.println(mapper.writeValueAsString(2.34));
        System.out.println(mapper.writeValueAsString("gopher"));

        // And here are some for slices and maps, which encode
        // to JSON arrays and objects as you'd expect.
        List<String> slcD = Arrays.asList("apple", "peach", "pear");
        System.out.println(mapper.writeValueAsString(slcD));

        Map<String, Integer> mapD = new HashMap<>();
        mapD.put("apple", 5);
        mapD.put("lettuce", 7);
        System.out.println(mapper.writeValueAsString(mapD));

        // The Jackson library can automatically encode your
        // custom data types. It will use the field names as the JSON keys.
        Response1 res1D = new Response1();
        res1D.page = 1;
        res1D.fruits = Arrays.asList("apple", "peach", "pear");
        System.out.println(mapper.writeValueAsString(res1D));

        // You can use annotations on class fields
        // to customize the encoded JSON key names. Check the
        // definition of `Response2` above to see an example
        // of such annotations.
        Response2 res2D = new Response2();
        res2D.page = 1;
        res2D.fruits = Arrays.asList("apple", "peach", "pear");
        System.out.println(mapper.writeValueAsString(res2D));

        // Now let's look at decoding JSON data into Java
        // values. Here's an example for a generic data structure.
        String byt = "{\"num\":6.13,\"strs\":[\"a\",\"b\"]}";

        // We need to provide a type where the Jackson library
        // can put the decoded data. This Map<String, Object>
        // will hold a map of strings to arbitrary data types.
        Map<String, Object> dat = mapper.readValue(byt, Map.class);
        System.out.println(dat);

        // In order to use the values in the decoded map,
        // we'll need to cast them to their appropriate type.
        // For example here we cast the value in `num` to
        // the expected `Double` type.
        Double num = (Double) dat.get("num");
        System.out.println(num);

        // Accessing nested data requires a series of casts.
        List<String> strs = (List<String>) dat.get("strs");
        String str1 = strs.get(0);
        System.out.println(str1);

        // We can also decode JSON into custom data types.
        // This has the advantages of adding additional
        // type-safety to our programs and eliminating the
        // need for type casts when accessing the decoded data.
        String str = "{\"page\": 1, \"fruits\": [\"apple\", \"peach\"]}";
        Response2 res = mapper.readValue(str, Response2.class);
        System.out.println(res.page);
        System.out.println(res.fruits.get(0));

        // In the examples above we always used strings as
        // intermediates between the data and JSON representation.
        // We can also stream JSON encodings directly to Writers
        // like System.out or even HTTP response bodies.
        mapper.writeValue(System.out, mapD);
    }
}