import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

// Container holds a map of counters; since we want to
// update it concurrently from multiple threads, we
// add a Lock to synchronize access.
// Note that locks must not be copied, so if this
// class is passed around, it should be done by
// reference.
class Container {
    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Map<String, Integer> counters;

    public Container() {
        this.counters = new HashMap<>();
    }

    // Lock before accessing counters; unlock
    // it at the end of the method using a try-finally block.
    public void inc(String name) {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            counters.put(name, counters.getOrDefault(name, 0) + 1);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public Map<String, Integer> getCounters() {
        return counters;
    }
}

public class Mutexes {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Container c = new Container();
        c.getCounters().put("a", 0);
        c.getCounters().put("b", 0);

        // This method increments a named counter
        // in a loop.
        Runnable doIncrement = (String name, int n) -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                c.inc(name);
            }
        };

        // Run several threads concurrently; note
        // that they all access the same Container,
        // and two of them access the same counter.
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> doIncrement.run("a", 10000));
        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> doIncrement.run("a", 10000));
        Thread t3 = new Thread(() -> doIncrement.run("b", 10000));

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();

        // Wait for the threads to finish
        t1.join();
        t2.join();
        t3.join();

        System.out.println(c.getCounters());
    }
}