import java.util.Formatter;

class Point {
    int x, y;
    Point(int x, int y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }
}

public class StringFormatting {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Java offers excellent support for string formatting in
        // the printf tradition. Here are some examples of
        // common string formatting tasks.

        // Java uses printf for formatted output to console
        // and String.format for creating formatted strings.

        Point p = new Point(1, 2);
        System.out.printf("struct1: %s%n", p);

        // If the object has a meaningful toString method,
        // %s will include the object's string representation.
        System.out.printf("struct2: %s%n", p);

        // Java doesn't have a direct equivalent to Go's %#v,
        // but we can create a custom method to achieve similar results.
        System.out.printf("struct3: %s%n", String.format("new Point(%d, %d)", p.x, p.y));

        // To print the type of a value, use getClass().getSimpleName()
        System.out.printf("type: %s%n", p.getClass().getSimpleName());

        // Formatting booleans is straight-forward.
        System.out.printf("bool: %b%n", true);

        // There are many options for formatting integers.
        // Use %d for standard, base-10 formatting.
        System.out.printf("int: %d%n", 123);

        // This prints a binary representation.
        System.out.printf("bin: %s%n", Integer.toBinaryString(14));

        // This prints the character corresponding to the given integer.
        System.out.printf("char: %c%n", 33);

        // %x provides hex encoding.
        System.out.printf("hex: %x%n", 456);

        // There are also several formatting options for floats.
        // For basic decimal formatting use %f.
        System.out.printf("float1: %f%n", 78.9);

        // %e and %E format the float in (slightly different versions of) scientific notation.
        System.out.printf("float2: %e%n", 123400000.0);
        System.out.printf("float3: %E%n", 123400000.0);

        // For basic string printing use %s.
        System.out.printf("str1: %s%n", "\"string\"");

        // To double-quote strings, use %s with quotes in the format string.
        System.out.printf("str2: \"%s\"%n", "string");

        // As with integers seen earlier, we can use String.format to get a hex representation
        System.out.printf("str3: %s%n", String.format("%x", "hex this".getBytes()));

        // To print a representation of a reference, use %h.
        System.out.printf("reference: %h%n", p);

        // When formatting numbers you will often want to control the width and precision
        // of the resulting figure. To specify the width of an integer, use a number after
        // the % in the format specifier. By default the result will be right-justified and
        // padded with spaces.
        System.out.printf("width1: |%6d|%6d|%n", 12, 345);

        // You can also specify the width of printed floats, though usually you'll also want
        // to restrict the decimal precision at the same time with the width.precision syntax.
        System.out.printf("width2: |%6.2f|%6.2f|%n", 1.2, 3.45);

        // To left-justify, use the - flag.
        System.out.printf("width3: |%-6.2f|%-6.2f|%n", 1.2, 3.45);

        // You may also want to control width when formatting strings, especially to ensure
        // that they align in table-like output. For basic right-justified width.
        System.out.printf("width4: |%6s|%6s|%n", "foo", "b");

        // To left-justify use the - flag as with numbers.
        System.out.printf("width5: |%-6s|%-6s|%n", "foo", "b");

        // String.format formats and returns a string without printing it anywhere.
        String s = String.format("sprintf: a %s", "string");
        System.out.println(s);

        // You can format+print to other output streams using Formatter
        Formatter stderr = new Formatter(System.err);
        stderr.format("io: an %s%n", "error");
    }
}