Stateful Goroutines in PHP

In this example, we'll demonstrate how to manage state using PHP's built-in synchronization features. We'll use a combination of processes and message passing to achieve thread-safe state management.

```php
<?php

// These classes encapsulate read and write operations
class ReadOp {
    public $key;
    public $value;

    public function __construct($key) {
        $this->key = $key;
    }
}

class WriteOp {
    public $key;
    public $value;

    public function __construct($key, $value) {
        $this->key = $key;
        $this->value = $value;
    }
}

// Function to handle state management
function stateManager($readQueue, $writeQueue, $resultQueue) {
    $state = [];

    while (true) {
        $read = msg_receive($readQueue, 1, $msgtype, 1024, $readOp, true, MSG_IPC_NOWAIT);
        if ($read) {
            $value = isset($state[$readOp->key]) ? $state[$readOp->key] : null;
            msg_send($resultQueue, 1, $value);
        }

        $write = msg_receive($writeQueue, 2, $msgtype, 1024, $writeOp, true, MSG_IPC_NOWAIT);
        if ($write) {
            $state[$writeOp->key] = $writeOp->value;
            msg_send($resultQueue, 2, true);
        }

        // Small delay to prevent busy-waiting
        usleep(1000);
    }
}

// Create message queues
$readQueue = msg_get_queue(ftok(__FILE__, 'r'));
$writeQueue = msg_get_queue(ftok(__FILE__, 'w'));
$resultQueue = msg_get_queue(ftok(__FILE__, 'x'));

// Start the state manager process
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ($pid == 0) {
    stateManager($readQueue, $writeQueue, $resultQueue);
    exit;
}

// Initialize counters
$readOps = 0;
$writeOps = 0;

// Simulate read operations
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
    $pid = pcntl_fork();
    if ($pid == 0) {
        for ($j = 0; $j < 100; $j++) {
            $readOp = new ReadOp(rand(0, 4));
            msg_send($readQueue, 1, $readOp);
            msg_receive($resultQueue, 1, $msgtype, 1024, $result);
            $readOps++;
            usleep(1000);
        }
        exit;
    }
}

// Simulate write operations
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
    $pid = pcntl_fork();
    if ($pid == 0) {
        for ($j = 0; $j < 100; $j++) {
            $writeOp = new WriteOp(rand(0, 4), rand(0, 99));
            msg_send($writeQueue, 2, $writeOp);
            msg_receive($resultQueue, 2, $msgtype, 1024, $result);
            $writeOps++;
            usleep(1000);
        }
        exit;
    }
}

// Wait for all child processes to finish
while (pcntl_waitpid(0, $status) != -1);

// Print results
echo "readOps: " . $readOps . "\n";
echo "writeOps: " . $writeOps . "\n";

// Clean up message queues
msg_remove_queue($readQueue);
msg_remove_queue($writeQueue);
msg_remove_queue($resultQueue);

This PHP implementation uses System V message queues for inter-process communication, which is somewhat similar to channels in Go. The stateManager function runs in a separate process and manages the state, responding to read and write requests.

We start multiple child processes to simulate concurrent read and write operations. Each process sends requests to the state manager and receives responses through message queues.

To run this program, save it as stateful_processes.php and execute it with PHP CLI:

$ php stateful_processes.php
readOps: 10000
writeOps: 1000

This approach demonstrates how to manage shared state using inter-process communication in PHP. While it’s more complex than using built-in language features like Go’s goroutines and channels, it achieves a similar result of thread-safe state management.

Note that this implementation is simplified and may not perform as well as the Go version due to the overhead of process creation and IPC. In a real-world scenario, you might want to use a more efficient IPC mechanism or consider using extensions like pthreads for true multi-threading in PHP.

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