Imports System

Module StringFormatting
    Structure Point
        Public X As Integer
        Public Y As Integer
    End Structure

    Sub Main()
        ' Visual Basic .NET offers excellent support for string formatting.
        ' Here are some examples of common string formatting tasks.

        ' Formatting structs
        Dim p As New Point With {.X = 1, .Y = 2}
        Console.WriteLine("struct1: {0}", p)

        ' To include field names, we need to explicitly format them
        Console.WriteLine("struct2: {{X:{0} Y:{1}}}", p.X, p.Y)

        ' For a representation similar to source code
        Console.WriteLine("struct3: New Point With {{.X = {0}, .Y = {1}}}", p.X, p.Y)

        ' To print the type of a value
        Console.WriteLine("type: {0}", p.GetType())

        ' Formatting booleans
        Console.WriteLine("bool: {0}", True)

        ' Formatting integers
        Console.WriteLine("int: {0}", 123)

        ' This prints a binary representation
        Console.WriteLine("bin: {0}", Convert.ToString(14, 2))

        ' This prints the character corresponding to the given integer
        Console.WriteLine("char: {0}", ChrW(33))

        ' Hex encoding
        Console.WriteLine("hex: {0:X}", 456)

        ' Formatting floats
        Console.WriteLine("float1: {0:F}", 78.9)

        ' Scientific notation
        Console.WriteLine("float2: {0:E}", 123400000.0)
        Console.WriteLine("float3: {0:E}", 123400000.0)

        ' Basic string printing
        Console.WriteLine("str1: {0}", """string""")

        ' To double-quote strings
        Console.WriteLine("str2: ""{0}""", """string""")

        ' Base-16 representation of a string
        Console.WriteLine("str3: {0}", BitConverter.ToString(Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes("hex this")).Replace("-", ""))

        ' To print a representation of a pointer (address in memory)
        Console.WriteLine("pointer: {0}", p.GetHashCode())

        ' Controlling width and precision
        Console.WriteLine("width1: |{0,6}|{1,6}|", 12, 345)

        ' Width and precision for floats
        Console.WriteLine("width2: |{0,6:F2}|{1,6:F2}|", 1.2, 3.45)

        ' Left-justified width for floats
        Console.WriteLine("width3: |{0,-6:F2}|{1,-6:F2}|", 1.2, 3.45)

        ' Width for strings
        Console.WriteLine("width4: |{0,6}|{1,6}|", "foo", "b")

        ' Left-justified width for strings
        Console.WriteLine("width5: |{0,-6}|{1,-6}|", "foo", "b")

        ' Formatting without printing
        Dim s As String = String.Format("sprintf: a {0}", "string")
        Console.WriteLine(s)

        ' Printing to other streams
        Console.Error.WriteLine("io: an {0}", "error")
    End Sub
End Module